A residual based adaptive unscented Kalman filter for fault recovery in attitude determination system of microsatellites

This paper presents an adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF) to recover the satellite attitude in a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) subsystem of microsatellites. The FDD subsystem includes a filter and an estimator with residual generators, hypothesis tests for fault detections and a reference logic table for fault isolations and fault recovery. The recovery process is based on the monitoring of mean and variance values of each attitude sensor behaviors from residual vectors. In the case of normal work, the residual vectors should be in the form of Gaussian white noise with zero mean and fixed variance. When the hypothesis tests for the residual vectors detect something unusual by comparing the mean and variance values with dynamic thresholds, the AUKF with real-time updated measurement noise covariance matrix will be used to recover the sensor faults. The scheme developed in this paper resolves the problem of the heavy and complex calculations during residual generations and therefore the delay in the isolation process is reduced. The numerical simulations for TSUBAME, a demonstration microsatellite of Tokyo Institute of Technology, are conducted and analyzed to demonstrate the working of the AUKF and FDD subsystem.     

基于纵向滤波的星敏感器低频误差在线估计

多敏感器数据融合是获得更高精度姿态测量的有效方法，敏感器数据融合前必须先修正低频误差。首先，介绍了星敏感器低频误差（LFE）的产生机理及对其在线估计的必要性。其次，针对传统算法的不足，提出了基于纵向滤波的低频误差在线估计算法，该算法将传统低频误差估计问题转化为若干个常值误差估计问题，提高了估计精度。最后，给出了该算法具体实施方式，说明相关参数物理意义及选取原则。通过理论分析及仿真，算法误差可忽略不计。通过在轨数据仿真，星敏感器轨道周期低频误差可被消除。     

对数正态分布场合环境因子基于截尾样本的统计分析

本文导出了寿命分布为对数正态分布时基于截尾样本环境因子的点估计和近拟置信限，对所给近似置信区间作了模拟研究。     

基于距离像特征的复合速度估计算法研究

首先分析了步进频率宽带信号混频处理原理和目标速度对距离像的影响。在此基础上，提出了基于距离像熵和距离像对比度的速度估计算法，详细分析了这两种算法的数学原理、步骤、效果、适用条件等。最后，基于这两种算法又提出了复合速度估计算法，大大提高了速度估计精度。     

航天型号项目成本估算方法研究与实现

介绍了国内外航天型号研制项目成本估算的研究现状,分析了航天型号研制项目成本估算的作用与特点。研究了参数成本估算法、工程成本估算法、类比成本估算法、外推成本估算法、仿真模型法和综合成本估算法等方法。给出了用综合成本估算法估算的风云四号气象卫星研制成本算例。     

目标函数误差估算及网格自适应处理

发展了一种基于目标函数误差估算的网格自适应准则,进而通过网格自适应处理提高目标函数计算的效率和准确性。首先描述了目标函数的误差估算及修正的方法,该方法通过伴随方程将原方程的残值误差与目标函数联系起来。然后,基于误差估算建立网格自适应准则,以减少目标函数修正后的剩余误差,提高目标函数计算结果的准确性,并将方法进一步发展至多目标问题。最后将该准则应用于Euler方程控制的NACA0012翼型无粘可压流动的网格自适应模拟。数值计算成功地捕获了与升力、阻力和力矩等目标函数相关的特征流动区域,计算出符合指定精度要求的目标函数值,验证了本文所发展的方法。     

基于极大似然估计器的GNSS矢量跟踪算法

矢量跟踪是一种将全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机的信号跟踪与导航解算融为一体的跟踪算法。传统的基于矢量延迟/频率锁定环(VDFLL)的跟踪算法普遍采用延迟锁定环(DLL)和锁频环(FLL)鉴别器计算伪距和伪距率偏差观测量,由于锁频环鉴别器存在近似误差和一步延迟效应,在高动态环境下容易造成环路失锁。从直接估计卫星信号特征参数的角度出发,基于中频信号模型构建码相位和载波多普勒的极大似然代价函数,采用非迭代估计算法得到各通道码相位和多普勒频移的估计偏差,转换为卡尔曼滤波器的观测矢量,提出一种基于极大似然估计器(MLE)的矢量跟踪算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明:新算法结合了极大似然估计和矢量跟踪的优点,克服了FLL的延迟效应,与基于VDFLL的矢量环路相比,高动态环境下的跟踪稳定性更好,可以对被遮挡的卫星保持持续的跟踪。     

Adaptive Gaussian sum squared-root cubature Kalman filter with split-merge scheme for state estimation

The paper deals with state estimation problem of nonlinear non-Gaussian discrete dynamic systems for improvement of accuracy and consistency. An efficient new algorithm called the adaptive Gaussian-sum square-root cubature Kalman filter（AGSSCKF） with a split-merge scheme is proposed. It is developed based on the squared-root extension of newly introduced cubature Kalman filter（SCKF） and is built within a Gaussian-sum framework. Based on the condition that the probability density functions of process noises and initial state are denoted by a Gaussian sum using optimization method, a bank of SCKF are used as the sub-filters to estimate state of system with the corresponding weights respectively, which is adaptively updated. The new algorithm consists of an adaptive splitting and merging procedure according to a proposed split-decision model based on the nonlinearity degree of measurement. The results of two simulation scenarios（one-dimensional state estimation and bearings-only tracking） show that the proposed filter demonstrates comparable performance to the particle filter with significantly reduced computational cost.     

无人机爬升转弯航迹预测

信息获取、自动精确打击等使得无人机已成为不可缺少的武器。快速精确的航迹预测可以提高作战效率,提供及时、最优的冲突解决方案。针对无人机的优良特性,首先优化无人机的航迹模型,并对其可行性进行理论推导,重点研究了以最大功率爬升转弯过程,验证了优化后的过程优于普通爬升转弯模型。此航迹预测方法可以快速得出航迹特征点以及到达航迹特征点的时间。     

一种关于目标与安全管道相对位置估算方法

针对靶场试验安全控制中目标与安全管道位置估算的实际需求,结合靶场实时数据处理要求,提出了利用滑动窗口技术,动态载人理论弹道数据,并采用折半查找和KNN查询相结合的思想实现了目标与理论弹道最近邻点查询,完成了飞行目标与理论规划航迹间的位置等参数偏差查询。利用区间估计原理,给出了目标与安全管道相对位置估算方法,解决了传统试验中无法对目标与管道边界的接近程度进行量化的问题。